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《2002BTS急性呼吸衰竭的無創(chuàng)通氣治療指南》內(nèi)容預覽

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of ventilatory support through the patient’s upper airway using a mask or similar device. This technique is distinguished from those which bypass the upper airway with a tracheal tube, laryngeal mask, or tracheostomy and are therefore considered invasive. In this document NIV refers to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, and other less commonly used tech-niques such as external negative pressure or rocking beds will not be discussed. (NIPPV is an alternative abbreviation but it is more cumber-some and involves ambiguity as to whether “N” is for “non-invasive” or “nasal”.)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in this document refers to the non-invasive applica-tion of positive airway pressure, again using a face or nasal mask rather than in conjunction with invasive techniques. Although it might be open to debate as to whether the use of non-invasive CPAP in acute respiratory failure constitutes ven-tilatory support, it is included in this document because of the confusion which commonly arises between NIV and CPAP in clinical practice.

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