心肌梗死全球統(tǒng)一定義與影像學診斷
心肌梗死全球統(tǒng)一定義與影像學診斷 內(nèi)容預覽：
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心肌梗死全球統(tǒng)一定義與影像學診斷 內(nèi)容簡介：
心肌梗死全球統(tǒng)一定義與影像學診斷
心肌梗死全球統(tǒng)一定義與影像學診斷何作祥
中國醫(yī)學科學院阜外心血管病醫(yī)院
BiomarkerEvaluation
Thepreferredbiomarkerformyocardialnecrosisiscardiactroponin(IorT),whichhasnearlyabsolutemyocardialtissuespecificityaswellashighclinicalsensitivity,therebyreflectingevenmicroscopiczonesofmyocardialnecrosis.
Iftroponinassaysarenotavailable,thebestalternativeisCKMB(measuredbymassassay).
ElectrocardiographicDetectionof
MyocardialInfarction
TheECGisanintegralpartofthediagnosticwork-upofpatientswithsuspectedmyocardialinfarction.
TheacuteorevolvingchangesintheST-TwaveformsandtheQ-waveswhenpresentpotentiallyallowthecliniciantodatetheevent,tosuggesttheinfarct-relatedartery,andtoestimatetheamountofmyocardiumatrisk.
ElectrocardiographicDetectionof
MyocardialInfarction
Coronaryarterydominance,sizeanddistributionofarterialsegments,collateralvessels,andlocation,extent,andseverityofcoronarystenosesc**soimpactECGmanifestationsofmyocardialischemia.
ElectrocardiographicDetectionof
MyocardialInfarction
TheECGbyitselfisofteninsufficienttodiagnoseacutemyocardialischemiaorinfarctionsinceSTdeviationmaybeobservedinotherconditionssuchasacutepericarditis,LVhypertrophy,LBBB,Brugadasyndrome,andearlyrepolarizationpatterns.AlsoQ-wavesmayoccurduetomyocardialfibrosisintheabsenceofcoronaryarterydisease,asin,forexample,cardiomyopathy.
ImagingTechniques
Theunderlyingrationaleisthatregionalmyocardialhypoperfusionandischemialeadtoacascadeofeventsincludingmyocardialdysfunction,celldeath,andhealingbyfibrosis.
Importantimagingparametersarethereforeperfusion,myocyteviability,myocardialthickness,thickening,andmotion,andtheeffectsoffibrosisonthekineticsofradiolabeledandparamagneticcontrastagents.
Echocardiography
Echocardiographyisanexcellentreal-timeimagingtechniquewithmoderatespatialandtemporalresolution.Itsstrengthistheassessmentofmyocardialthickness,thickening,andmotionatrest.ThiscanbeaidedbytissueDopplerimaging.Echocardiographiccontrastagentscanimproveendocardialvisualization,butcontraststudiesarenotyetfullyvalidatedforthedetectionofmyocardialnecrosis,althoughearlyworkisencouraging.
RadionuclideImaging
Severalradionuclidetracersallowviablemyocytestobeimageddirectly,includingthallium-201,technetium-99mMIBI,tetrofosmin,and[18F]2-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG).
Thestrengthofthetechniquesarethattheyaretheonlycommonlyavailabledirectmethodsofassessingviability,althoughtherelativelylowresolutionoftheimagesdisadvantagesthemfordetectingsmallareasofinfarction.
RadionuclideImaging
Thecommonsinglephoton-emittingradio-pharmaceuticalsarealsotracersofmyocardialperfusionandsothetechniquesreadilydetectareasofinfarctionandinducibleperfusionabnormalities.
ECG-gatedimagingprovidesareliableassessmentofmyocardialmotion,thickening,andglobalfunction.
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