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原發(fā)性肝癌是全世界誘發(fā)死亡的第三大癌癥。最近研究表示,特別是在亞洲,乙型或者丙型肝炎感染者更容易患肝癌。通過全基因組測序技術(shù),日本科學家首次揭示了慢性肝炎感染對肝內(nèi)細胞癌變的影響。這篇研究成果發(fā)表在最新的Nature Communications雜志。
肝癌有諸多分類,其中肝內(nèi)膽管癌和肝細胞合并膽管癌由于在組織學上顯示有不同程度的膽管上皮細胞分化,被定義為有膽管表型的肝癌(Liver Cancer displaying biliary phenotype,LCB)。LCB通常與肝細胞癌相比,侵入性更強,預后差。為了了解LCB的分子改變,研究人員對30個LCB腫瘤樣品進行全基因組測序。作為比較,研究人員同時測序了另外60個常見肝細胞腫瘤樣品,并詳細分析其中一些樣品RNA測序結(jié)果。
圖片來自原研究論文。圖片表示肝細胞癌(灰色點)與肝炎陽性的LCB(黑色點)是重合的,而肝炎陰性的LCB(藍色點)卻不相關(guān)。
令人驚訝的是,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管肝細胞癌和LCB基因表達的模式不同,細胞內(nèi)整體的突變模式竟是類似的-這主要出現(xiàn)在乙肝或者丙肝感染的患者。未有肝炎感染的患者基因突變模式卻是不同的。這表明不同組織學類型的肝癌可能是從肝炎感染患者相同類型細胞衍生而來,比如肝祖細胞。
通過后續(xù)分析,研究人員識別了惡性LCB相關(guān)的幾種重要的基因的突變,包括TERT啟動子,染色質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)子 ( BAP1 ,PBRM1 和ARID2 ), 突觸結(jié)構(gòu)基因 ( PCLO ),IDH基因 和KRAS基因。KRAS和IDHs突變--通常與惡性腫瘤相關(guān),被發(fā)現(xiàn)主要存在于未曾患慢性肝炎的癌癥患者。
這項研究,主要表明慢性肝炎對LCB的基因突變類型的影響。通過這個分析,或許能幫助確認哪些LCB表型更接近肝細胞癌,哪些更類似于膽管癌。對于不同的LCB表型制定合適治療方法。
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7120
Whole-genome mutational landscape of liver cancers displaying biliary phenotype reveals hepatitis impact and molecular diversityAkihiro Fujimoto, Mayuko Furuta, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kunihito Gotoh, Yoshiiku Kawakami, Koji Arihiro, Toru Nakamura, Masaki Ueno, Shun-ichi Ariizumi, Ha Hai Nguyen, Daichi Shigemizu, Tetsuo Abe, Keith A. Boroevich, Kaoru Nakano, Aya Sasaki, Rina Kitada, Kazihiro Maejima, Yujiro Yamamoto, Hiroko Tanaka, Tetsuo Shibuya, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Hidenori Ojima, Kazuaki Shimada, Shinya Hayami, Yoshinobu Shigekawa, Hiroshi Aikata, Hideki Ohdan, Shigeru Marubashi, Terumasa Yamada, Michiaki Kubo, Satoshi Hirano, Osamu Ishikawa, Masakazu Yamamoto, Hiroki Yamaue, Kazuaki Chayama, Satoru Miyano, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Hidewaki Nakagawa.
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma show varying degrees of biliary epithelial differentiation, which can be defined as liver cancer displaying biliary phenotype (LCB)。 LCB is second in the incidence for liver cancers with and without chronic hepatitis background and more aggressive than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)。 To gain insight into its molecular alterations, we performed whole-genome sequencing **ysis on 30 LCBs. Here we show, the genome-wide substitution patterns of LCBs developed in chronic hepatitis livers overlapped with those of 60 HCCs, whereas those of hepatitis-negative LCBs diverged. The subsequent validation study on 68 LCBs identified recurrent mutations in TERT promoter, chromatin regulators (BAP1, PBRM1 and ARID2), a synapse organization gene (PCLO), IDH genes and KRAS. The frequencies of KRAS and IDHs mutations, which are associated with poor disease-free survival, were significantly higher in hepatitis-negative LCBs. This study reveals the strong impact of chronic hepatitis on the mutational landscape in liver cancer and the genetic diversity among LCBs.
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